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The service life of brake pads is affected by various factors. Typically, front brake pads last approximately 30,000 to 80,000 kilometers, while rear brake pads last about 60,000 to 120,000 kilometers, depending on the vehicle model, load, driving habits, and road conditions. For example, frequent hard braking or long-term driving in congested urban areas will accelerate wear, and replacement may be needed as early as 20,000 to 30,000 kilometers; whereas smooth driving or high-speed driving can extend their lifespan. Brake pads must be replaced immediately when their thickness is less than 3 millimeters, or when there is a metal friction sound, or when the braking distance becomes longer. It is recommended to inspect them every 10,000 kilometers. Ceramic or semi-metallic materials are preferred to enhance wear resistance, and a 200-kilometer break-in period is required after replacement to ensure performance. Regular inspection and timely replacement are key to ensuring driving safety.

The replacement interval for brake pads should be determined based on a comprehensive evaluation of driving mileage, driving habits, and actual wear conditions. Typically, front brake pads are recommended for inspection and replacement every 30,000 to 50,000 kilometers, while rear brake pads should be replaced every 60,000 to 100,000 kilometers, though specific intervals must follow the manufacturer's guidelines. New brake pads are approximately 1.5 cm thick and must be replaced when the remaining thickness falls below 0.3 cm or wears down to the level of the grooves. Some vehicle models will trigger a dashboard warning alert. Vehicles with aggressive driving styles, frequent city driving, or regular mountain road use will experience accelerated wear and may require earlier replacement, whereas smooth or predominantly highway driving can extend the service interval. Preliminary assessment can be done by inspecting the wheel rims (replacement is needed when about 5 mm remains) or listening for sharp metallic sounds (indicating wear indicator contact). However, the most accurate method is to remove the tires for direct inspection. When replacing brake pads, always use OEM or equivalent quality branded products, and ensure both left and right wheels are replaced simultaneously to maintain braking balance. After replacement, a proper break-in period of approximately 200 kilometers is necessary to achieve optimal performance. During routine maintenance, always check the brake pad condition to prevent excessive wear that could damage the brake discs, thereby increasing repair costs and safety hazards.

Severe wear of the brake disc will directly affect driving safety, mainly manifested as reduced braking force and extended braking distance. In emergency situations, the braking distance may increase by more than 50 meters, significantly raising the risk of accidents. Worn brake discs can cause vibration and sharp metal friction noises during braking. This abnormality not only affects driving comfort but may also lead to structural deformation or fracture of the brake disc. When the brake disc thickness falls below 2 mm or the wear depth on both sides reaches 3 mm, immediate replacement is required; otherwise, it may damage associated components such as brake pads and calipers, and even cause system failures like brake hose rupture. It is recommended to check the brake disc thickness every 60,000 to 80,000 kilometers, but drivers who frequently perform emergency braking should advance the inspection to 50,000 kilometers. During routine maintenance, the condition of brake pads should also be checked. If new brake pads are already thinner than 3 mm or the dashboard warning light illuminates, it often indicates that the brake disc has also reached replacement criteria. Neglecting replacement will substantially increase maintenance costs. For instance, repairing the entire brake system due to brake disc scoring may exceed 2,000 Malaysian ringgit. Maintaining optimal brake system condition is fundamental for ensuring vehicle handling and safety. It is advisable to follow the manufacturer's maintenance schedule while adjusting according to actual driving habits.

The replacement interval for brake pads should be determined based on a comprehensive evaluation of the vehicle model, driving habits, and road conditions. For conventional fuel vehicles, front brake pads typically require replacement every 30,000 to 50,000 kilometers, while rear brake pads may last 60,000 to 100,000 kilometers due to reduced load. For new energy vehicles, the service life of front pads can extend to 80,000-120,000 kilometers with the assistance of regenerative braking systems. Key replacement indicators include: thickness ≤3mm (verifiable using a one-yuan coin for comparison), abnormal braking noises (metallic scraping sounds), increased stopping distance, or illumination of the dashboard warning light. Special operating conditions such as mountainous terrain driving or frequent hard braking necessitate more frequent inspections every 20,000-30,000 kilometers, with particular attention to corrosion in humid environments. It's recommended to inspect brake pad condition during every 5,000-kilometer maintenance service. Opting for ceramic or semi-metallic compounds can enhance durability. Newly installed pads require a 200-kilometer break-in period with avoidance of abrupt stops. Actual replacement should be based on wear condition rather than solely on mileage. Proper maintenance prevents rotor damage and ensures driving safety.

To determine whether brake discs need replacement, multiple factors such as wear level, abnormal phenomena, and driving experience must be considered comprehensively. When the one-sided wear depth of a brake disc exceeds 1.5 mm (resulting in a total wear of 3 mm), it meets the mandatory replacement standard. The minimum value can be verified by measuring at 8 equidistant points with a vernier caliper. The initial thickness of front discs for most passenger vehicles is 28-32 mm, while rear discs are approximately 24-28 mm. If the measured value falls below the manufacturer's specified minimum allowable thickness (e.g., MIN TH 22mm), replacement is compulsory. For daily preliminary assessment, simple methods can be employed: compare the brake disc edge with a one-yuan coin (approximately 1.8 mm thick). Replacement is necessary if the disc thickness approaches or becomes thinner than the coin, or if the surface exhibits grooves deeper than 1.5 mm, radial cracks, or stepped edge wear (height difference > 1 mm). During operation, metallic scraping sounds (excluding normal brake pad bedding-in noise), increased stopping distance, steering wheel vibration, or illumination of the dashboard warning light all suggest potential brake disc damage. Notably, mountainous driving, frequent hard braking, or coastal high-salinity environments accelerate wear, potentially reducing the replacement interval from the standard 70,000-100,000 km to 50,000-60,000 km. Inspection is advised every 20,000 km or every second brake pad replacement. As a safety precaution, brake discs exhibiting structural damage (e.g., heat cracks or pitting corrosion) should be replaced regardless of wear thresholds to prevent brake system failure.