What causes high torque?

The generation of high torque is jointly determined by multiple factors such as engine design, fuel combustion control, mechanical transmission, and vehicle usage requirements. From the perspective of engine design, large-displacement engines can accommodate more air-fuel mixture for combustion due to their larger combustion chamber volume, thus delivering higher torque; increasing the number of cylinders improves combustion efficiency and indirectly enhances torque; intake technologies like turbocharging and supercharging significantly boost torque by increasing air intake, enriching the air-fuel mixture, and intensifying combustion pressure. The high compression ratio (typically above 16:1) of diesel engines, which employs compression ignition to generate stronger piston thrust, is the fundamental reason for their high torque output. Regarding fuel, high-octane gasoline or premium diesel optimizes combustion efficiency, while proper ignition timing (for gasoline engines) or fuel injection timing (for diesel engines) enhances combustion expansion force to further increase torque. In mechanical transmission, the design of crankshaft throw radius and piston stroke directly impacts torque output; efficient transmissions minimize power loss and improve torque utilization; four-wheel drive systems enable better torque distribution and enhance actual traction. Additionally, different engine types exhibit distinct characteristics: electric motors deliver peak torque at low speeds, whereas internal combustion engines generally produce higher torque in the medium-to-low speed range; heavy-duty vehicles are specifically optimized for low-speed torque output to meet acceleration and climbing demands; and a reliable cooling system prevents engine overheating to ensure consistent torque delivery.