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Solid fuels are solid combustible substances that can produce heat energy or power, mostly containing carbon or hydrocarbons. They are mainly divided into four categories: natural solid fuels, artificial solid fuels, special varieties, and biomass solid fuels. Natural solid fuels include wood, peat, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, oil shale, etc.; artificial solid fuels are processed products such as coke, charcoal, briquettes, coal balls, etc.; special varieties include solid alcohol, solid rocket fuel, etc.; biomass solid fuels are environmentally friendly and renewable fuels formed by mechanical high-temperature and high-pressure processing of agricultural and forestry wastes such as straw, peanut shells, rice husks, sawdust, etc., which can replace coal to reduce pollution. Compared with liquid or gaseous fuels, solid fuels are usually more difficult to control combustion, have lower efficiency and more ash, but biomass solid fuels have the advantage of environmental protection and zero emissions, and are one of the important directions for the promotion of clean energy at present.

There are mainly two common types of gasoline locally, namely RON95 and RON97. RON95 is more affordable due to government subsidies, while RON97 is relatively more expensive and suitable for vehicles with higher requirements for fuel quality. The classification of gasoline types is primarily based on the Research Octane Number (RON); the higher the value, the better the anti-knock performance of the gasoline, enabling it to better meet the operational demands of high-compression-ratio engines, prevent engine knocking, and ensure stable vehicle operation and optimal performance. Different types of gasoline enhance their performance through the addition of various additives, such as those that improve chemical stability, control corrosion, or enhance combustion efficiency, to meet the technical requirements of different vehicle engines.

In the Malaysian market, common fuel vehicle types mainly include four categories: gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and pure electric vehicles (EVs). Gasoline vehicles are the most mainstream models locally. Due to the relatively low price of gasoline (for example, RON 95 gasoline in Kuala Lumpur is about 2 Malaysian ringgit per liter), most best-selling models of local brands Perodua and Proton (such as Perodua Myvi and Proton Saga) as well as many models from Japanese brands Toyota and Honda are primarily gasoline-powered, meeting the needs of daily commuting and family use. Diesel vehicles are mostly used for functional models such as pickup trucks and commercial vehicles. For instance, the diesel version of Toyota Hilux sold over 10,000 units in the first half of 2024, making it suitable for heavy-load or long-distance driving scenarios. Hybrid vehicles combine fuel engines and electric systems, offering both fuel efficiency and the convenience of not requiring external charging. Hybrid models from Honda, Toyota, and Mercedes-Benz are relatively popular locally, with the hybrid version of Toyota Corolla Cross being one of the best-selling models. Pure electric vehicles have gradually developed in recent years, with BYD and Tesla dominating the market share. However, their adoption remains limited due to low oil prices, primarily appealing to environmentally conscious consumers or those using them for short-distance travel. The choice of different fuel vehicle types is closely tied to local users' needs and cost considerations. The high cost-effectiveness of gasoline vehicles, the practicality of diesel vehicles, the energy efficiency of hybrid vehicles, and the eco-friendliness of electric vehicles collectively create a diverse market landscape.

In Malaysia, conventional fuel is commonly referred to as RON95 petrol, the most prevalent type in the local market suitable for most spark-ignition internal combustion engine vehicles such as passenger cars and motorcycles. RON95 petrol maintains a lower price through government subsidies. For instance, it costs approximately 2 Malaysian ringgit per liter in Kuala Lumpur and around 3.18 ringgit per liter in Langkawi. By comparison, the higher-octane RON97 petrol is priced higher as another common variant. In November 2023, the government proposed plans to limit RON95 petrol subsidies in the latter half of 2024 to balance the budget. Notably, foreign nationals are only permitted to purchase RON97 or higher-grade petrol locally, whereas domestic users may freely use RON95 petrol. This fuel is produced via crude oil fractional distillation and enhanced with multiple additives including ethanol or ether compounds to improve combustion efficiency, meeting the daily operational requirements of most vehicles.

In Malaysia, common fuel types mainly include five mainstream products: RON95 gasoline, RON97 gasoline, B7 diesel, B10 diesel, and B20 diesel. Among them, RON95 gasoline is affordable due to government subsidies, while RON97 gasoline is unsubsidized and more expensive. B7 diesel contains 7% palm biodiesel, B10 diesel is a nationwide mandatory blended fuel (with 10% palm biodiesel), and B20 diesel is used in pilot scenarios such as certain regions including Labuan and Langkawi, as well as Kuala Lumpur International Airport and major ports (containing 20% palm biodiesel). These fuel types not only meet the power requirements of different vehicles but also reduce reliance on fossil fuels through biodiesel incorporation, supporting the country's net-zero carbon emission goals and the sustainable development of the palm oil industry, while enhancing the economic status of smallholders and local communities involved in the sector.