Q
what is a good fuel consumption per 100km
In Malaysia, good fuel economy for a car typically ranges from 5 to 8 liters per 100 kilometers, with the exact figure depending on the vehicle model and driving conditions. Small cars like the Perodua Axia or Proton Saga usually clock in around 5 to 6 liters/100km, while midsize SUVs or MPVs might land between 7 to 9 liters/100km. Hybrids or diesel-powered vehicles can often do better than that.
What affects fuel consumption? Things like your driving style, road conditions, and how well you maintain the car. Smooth acceleration, cutting down on harsh braking, and regular servicing all go a long way in boosting fuel efficiency. Also, keep an eye out for the government's Energy Efficient Vehicle (EEV) certification when car shopping – those models are generally designed to deliver better fuel performance.
Sure, electric and hybrid cars are gaining traction as technology advances, and we might see even tighter fuel economy standards down the line. But let's be real, traditional petrol-powered cars still dominate the market here. So, the key is to pick a model that fits your needs and stick to good driving habits.
Special Disclaimer: This content is published by users and does not represent the views or position of PCauto.
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Related Q&A
Q
Can ESC be turned off?
Most vehicles' Electronic Stability Control (ESC) can indeed be manually turned off via an in-car button, usually labeled "ESC OFF" near the instrument cluster or on the center console. A long press of 3-5 seconds typically disables the function, though note that operations may vary slightly across brands – some performance cars, for example, offer multi-stage disable options. When ESC is off, the system no longer actively intervenes in wheel slip or oversteer/understeer situations. This is intended for experienced drivers in specific scenarios, like getting unstuck from sand or practicing drifts on a track. However, it's strongly recommended to keep it enabled during regular driving for safety, as it effectively prevents skidding, especially in rainy weather or on sharp turns. It's worth noting that even when manually disabled, some models will force ESC to restart if extreme danger is detected – this is a safety redundancy feature. Additionally, ESC often works in conjunction with Traction Control Systems (TCS); disabling ESC in some vehicles will also affect TCS functionality, so it's advisable to check the owner's manual for specific details. While modifying the ECU to fully disable ESC is possible, this is not only illegal but extremely dangerous, potentially invalidating insurance coverage – it's by no means a wise choice.
Q
What happens when I press ESC?
When you hit the ESC (Electronic Stability Control) button, the system kicks in based on the vehicle's status. Its main job is to prevent skidding or loss of control when driving on slippery roads or taking sharp turns. It stabilizes the car by automatically adjusting engine power and applying brakes to individual wheels. If ESC is on (which it is by default in most vehicles), the indicator light on the dashboard will flash briefly and then go off, meaning the system is ready. If you hold the button to turn ESC off, the light stays on, and the system won't interfere—this is for pros in specific situations, like getting unstuck from sand or track driving. Important note: Keep ESC on for regular road driving, especially in the rain or on mountain roads; it really cuts down the risk of rollovers or fishtailing. Nowadays, ESC usually includes ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) and TCS (Traction Control System). Some high-end models even refine the intervention logic, like pre-emptively adjusting power distribution when it detects a sudden sharp turn of the steering wheel. If the ESC warning light stays on for no reason, it's a good idea to check the wheel speed sensors or system wiring soon to avoid safety issues.
Q
Which of the following is an example of an active safety system?
Active safety systems are devices that intervene in real-time to prevent or mitigate collisions before an accident occurs. A classic example is Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), which keeps wheels from locking up during hard braking, maintaining steering control to avoid obstacles. Similar systems include Electronic Stability Control (ESC), which corrects vehicle skidding by automatically adjusting individual wheel braking and engine power, and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which automatically adjusts your speed to maintain a safe distance from the car ahead. These technologies work together through sensors and electronic control units, significantly boosting driving safety. In recent years, more advanced active safety features like Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) have become increasingly common. The former can detect potential collisions and apply the brakes automatically, while the latter prevents lane departure through slight steering corrections. It's important to note that these systems don't completely replace the driver; instead, they act as assistive tools, especially effective in compensating for human reaction time limitations during rainy weather or nighttime driving. Car owners are advised to regularly check the system status and familiarize themselves with the specific features their vehicle is equipped with to fully leverage their protective benefits.
Q
Which is not an active safety system?
Active safety systems are technologies that actively prevent accidents while the vehicle is in motion, such as Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (ESC), and Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB). Passive safety systems, on the other hand, are devices that reduce injuries after an accident occurs, like airbags and pre-tensioned seatbelts. The option that "does not belong to active safety systems" in such questions is usually the airbag, as it falls under the passive safety category. The core of active safety systems is to avoid danger by real-time intervention in vehicle dynamics. For example, Traction Control System (TCS) prevents wheel slip, and Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) corrects lane departure behavior. Understanding the difference between these technologies helps focus on the actual functionality of configurations when choosing a car. For instance, models equipped with AEB can automatically brake when a collision risk is detected, significantly enhancing driving safety. It is recommended to check the configuration list of specific models before purchasing a car, prioritize models with comprehensive active safety features, and also pay attention to regular maintenance to ensure the systems operate normally.
Q
Do front tyres wear out faster?
Front tires usually wear out faster than rear ones, and that's mainly down to the vehicle's drive type and steering mechanism. In front-wheel-drive cars, the front tires handle both driving and steering, so they take more friction and naturally wear quicker. For rear-wheel-drive or all-wheel-drive vehicles, the wear difference between front and rear is smaller, but the front tires still do most of the steering work, so they'll still wear a bit faster. On top of that, aggressive driving habits like hard acceleration and sudden braking can make front tire wear even worse. To extend tire life, it's a good idea to rotate your tires regularly—typically swapping front and rear every 10,000 kilometers or so to keep wear even. Also, make sure to maintain the right tire pressure; too high or too low can cause uneven wear. Picking the right tires for your driving style and road conditions matters too. If you mostly drive in the city, go for more durable tires, while if comfort is your priority, quiet tires are the way to go.
Q
Can front and back tyres be different?
The answer to whether front and rear tires can be different is yes, but there are some key details to keep in mind. Different sizes, tread patterns, or brands between front and rear tires are technically allowed, especially in some performance cars or all-wheel-drive models where manufacturers might intentionally design different-sized tires front and rear to optimize handling or power distribution. However, for daily driving, it's recommended to keep the tread patterns and specifications of front and rear tires consistent to ensure balanced grip and driving safety. This is especially important when driving in the rain, as mismatched tread patterns can lead to differences in water evacuation performance, increasing the risk of skidding. If you can't immediately match the same model when replacing tires, at the very least, ensure that the tires on the same axle (i.e., left and right sides) are identical to avoid uneven friction affecting steering stability. Additionally, even if tires from different brands have the same specifications, their rubber compounds and casing structures may differ, and long-term mixing could accelerate wear or affect comfort. For modification enthusiasts looking to try staggered tire setups (like wider rear tires), it's essential to consult the vehicle manual or a professional technician to ensure it doesn't interfere with the proper functioning of electronic systems like ABS and ESP.
Q
Are front tyres more important than rear?
When it comes to whether front tires are more important than rear ones, the truth is both play different but equally critical roles in driving safety. The front tires handle steering and most of the braking force—their grip directly impacts vehicle control, especially during hard braking or on slippery roads, which is why many drivers prioritize checking their front tires. But the rear tires can’t be ignored either. In rear-wheel-drive cars or during high-speed cornering, rear tire slippage can lead to oversteer or even loss of control. And in rainy weather or when carrying heavy loads, excessively worn rear tires also hurt stability.
Regular tire maintenance should cover all four tires: check air pressure, tread depth, and signs of aging. It’s a good idea to rotate your tires every 10,000 kilometers or six months to ensure even wear. Plus, choosing tires suited to your local climate matters—like prioritizing water evacuation for the rainy season, while high-performance tires might not be the best fit for daily commuting. If you notice cracks, bulges, or tread depth below 1.6 millimeters, replace those tires immediately to keep driving safe.
Q
What should front tyre tread be?
The tread depth of your car's front tires should ideally be at least 1.6 millimeters, which is the legal safety minimum. However, to ensure better grip and water dispersion, especially during the rainy season or on wet roads, it's recommended to keep the tread depth above 3 millimeters. Shallow tread significantly increases the risk of skidding, affects braking distance, and makes the vehicle more prone to losing control, especially during sudden braking or sharp turns. You can regularly check tread depth using a tread depth gauge or the coin test – for example, insert a 1 Ringgit coin into the tread. If you can see the full "1" digit, the tread is too shallow and needs replacement. Additionally, tire wear patterns can indicate if your vehicle's alignment or suspension system is functioning properly. If you notice uneven wear or abnormal patterns on the tires, it's advisable to get a wheel alignment check as soon as possible. Choosing the right tire type is also crucial: high-performance tires are suitable for drivers seeking better handling, while comfort and quiet tires are more ideal for daily commuting. Selecting tires based on your driving habits and road conditions can further enhance driving safety and comfort.
Q
Do front or back tyres wear first?
Generally, front tires wear faster than rear ones because they handle steering, driving, and most of the braking force—this is especially noticeable on front-wheel-drive cars. But actual wear depends on driving habits, wheel alignment, and vehicle design. For example, frequent hard acceleration or braking speeds up front tire wear, while rear-wheel-drive vehicles or those often driven fully loaded might see more rear tire wear. It's recommended to check tire wear regularly and rotate tires every 10,000 kilometers to extend their lifespan. Also, remember that tire tread depth must not be less than the legal requirement of 1.6 millimeters. If you notice uneven or abnormal wear, it could mean misalignment that needs prompt adjustment. Maintaining proper tire pressure is important too—too high or too low pressure affects both wear and safety.
Q
How to replace a front tire?
Changing a front tire isn't actually that complicated, but safety has to come first. First off, park the car on a flat, solid surface, pull up the handbrake, and put it in Park (for automatics) or Reverse (for manuals). Then, place wheel chocks diagonally opposite the tire you're changing to prevent rolling. Next, jack up the car—make sure the jack is positioned on the designated lift points under the car to avoid damaging the undercarriage. When loosening the wheel nuts, use a cross wrench. Don't take them all the way off yet; wait until the tire's off the ground before fully removing the nuts and the old tire. For the new tire, line it up with the wheel studs and hand-tighten the nuts first. Once the tire is snugly in place, use the wrench to tighten the nuts gradually in a crisscross pattern. Finally, lower the jack and double-check that all nuts are tight. It's a good idea to regularly check your tire pressure and tread wear. Generally, you should replace tires when the tread depth drops below 1.6 millimeters, and pay extra attention to their water displacement performance before the rainy season hits. If you often drive long distances or aren't confident doing it yourself, head to a professional repair shop. They'll also do a wheel balance, which prevents the steering wheel from shaking at high speeds.
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Q
How does ESC work?
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) boosts safety by constantly monitoring your vehicle's driving dynamics. It uses data from wheel speed sensors, steering angle sensors, and yaw rate sensors to figure out if the car is understeering or oversteering. When the system detects the vehicle veering off the driver's intended path, it automatically applies braking to individual wheels and adjusts engine torque to help get the car back on track—super useful on slippery roads or during sudden lane changes. ESC builds on ABS and traction control systems; together, these three work in harmony to drastically cut down on skidding and loss of control. Most modern cars come with ESC as standard, and some brands have even rolled out more refined versions, like sport-tuned or off-road-specific modes, to handle different driving situations. ESC works quietly in the background during everyday drives, but keeping your tires in good shape and sticking to sensible speeds are still the basics of safety—after all, electronic systems can't totally beat the laws of physics.
Q
Is it safe to drive without stability control?
Driving a vehicle without Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is technically possible, but safety is significantly compromised, especially on slippery roads or during emergency evasion where loss of control becomes more likely. ESC helps drivers maintain vehicle stability by automatically adjusting wheel braking force and engine output, and numerous studies show it can reduce the risk of single-vehicle accidents by approximately 30%. Most new cars now come standard with ESC, but some older models or economy cars might lack this feature. In such cases, it's crucial to pay extra attention to speed control, avoid sharp turns, and ensure tires are in good condition. It's advisable to regularly inspect the braking system and suspension components, as these also impact vehicle dynamics. If you frequently drive in rainy areas or mountain roads, ESC's benefits become even more pronounced. However, even without this feature, maintaining a defensive driving mindset and keeping a proper following distance can effectively enhance safety. Notably, ESC can be manually turned off in certain sport modes or off-road scenarios, but it's recommended to keep it activated at all times during regular road driving.
Q
How to use electronic stability control?
Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is a safety tech that uses sensors to monitor your vehicle's driving status and kicks in automatically during emergencies. When the system detects the car might start skidding or losing control, it helps the driver regain control by braking individual wheels or adjusting engine output. You don't need to do anything manually—it defaults to auto-on when you start the car. Keep an eye on the ESC light on the dashboard, though. If it's on, the system is either working or there's a fault. Usually, avoid turning off ESC on purpose unless you're in a special situation, like stuck in mud or snow and need to temporarily disable it for more traction. Also, while ESC boosts safety, it can't defy physics. You still gotta drive at a reasonable speed, keep a safe distance, and regularly check your tires and brakes to make ESC work its best. Different brands might call this tech by different names, but the basic principle is the same. When buying a used car, you should check if the ESC works properly because it's one of the key safety features in modern vehicles.
Q
Why is ESC used?
The main job of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is to boost vehicle safety. It constantly monitors data like steering wheel angle, wheel speed, and body lateral acceleration. When it detects the vehicle might skid or lose control, it automatically applies the brakes to individual wheels and adjusts engine torque to help the driver get back in control. ESC really shines on slippery roads or during sudden lane changes, cutting the risk of skidding and rollovers—studies show it can reduce skid-related crashes by up to 80%. Modern ESC systems usually include ABS and TCS, creating a more comprehensive active safety net, and some high-end models even work with electric power steering for more precise intervention. It’s important to remember, though, that while ESC is a huge safety upgrade, it can’t break the laws of physics. You still need to drive at a reasonable speed, keep a safe distance, and regularly check your tires and the system itself. After all, tire grip and system sensitivity directly affect how well ESC works.
Q
How do you reset the ESC system?
To reset the ESC (Electronic Stability Control) system, here's how you usually do it: First, make sure the vehicle is completely stationary and turned off. Then disconnect the negative battery terminal for about 10 minutes to fully power down the system and clear any fault codes. Reconnect it, start the engine, and drive straight on a flat road at low speed (around 20-40km/h) for a few minutes to let the system automatically complete its calibration. Some models might require a manual reset using an OBD-II scanner, or holding down the ESC button (usually on the center console) for 3-5 seconds until the dashboard light goes out. It's worth noting that a constantly lit ESC light might just be a temporary issue from a damp sensor or bumpy road, but if it stays on, you should get it checked soon. This system works with ABS and TCS, and it's crucial for safety on slippery roads. The exact steps can vary by brand – for example, some German cars might need you to turn the steering wheel fully left and right then back to center to activate sensor calibration, while Japanese models might rely on driving cycles to learn automatically. If resetting it yourself doesn't work, it could be a dirty wheel speed sensor or a faulty hydraulic module, which needs professional testing. During regular maintenance, keep an eye on the wheel bearings and sensor wiring harness to prevent mud or sand from covering them and interfering with signal collection.
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