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Gasoline is a fossil fuel derived from petroleum, belonging to the category of liquid fuels and also an important petroleum fuel variety among refined oil products. It is a volatile and flammable liquid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained through processes such as petroleum fractional distillation and cracking. Its main components include aliphatic hydrocarbons, naphthenes with carbon numbers ranging from C5 to C12, and a certain proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons, with a distillation range typically between 30°C and 220°C. Based on its applications, gasoline can be classified into three major types: aviation gasoline, motor gasoline, and solvent gasoline. Motor gasoline serves as the primary fuel for automotive spark-ignition engines, while solvent gasoline is used in industrial applications such as rubber and paint production. Gasoline is also graded according to octane ratings, with common grades being 90 and 95 - higher octane numbers indicate better knock resistance. As one of the most consumed petroleum fuel products, gasoline plays a significant role in transportation and certain industrial sectors.

The three common automotive fuel power systems are the internal combustion engine system, the pure electric system, and the hybrid system. The internal combustion engine system uses gasoline or diesel as fuel, converting chemical energy into mechanical energy through combustion to drive the vehicle. It features mature technology and convenient refueling, making it suitable for long-distance travel or heavy-load scenarios, but it has the issue of high pollutant emissions. The pure electric system relies on battery power and is driven by an electric motor. It boasts advantages such as zero emissions and low noise, making it ideal for congested urban road conditions, yet its range is limited by battery capacity and charging takes a relatively long time. The hybrid system combines the strengths of the first two. Through an intelligent control system, it switches power sources under different working conditions: at low speeds, it prioritizes the electric motor to reduce energy consumption, while at high speeds, it activates the internal combustion engine to provide strong power. Both conventional hybrids that do not require external charging and plug-in hybrids that can be externally charged fall into this category, as they can balance environmental protection and range requirements. Each system has its own applicable scenarios, and users can choose based on their daily driving needs. For example, pure electric vehicles are suitable for frequent urban commuting, internal combustion engine vehicles are more appropriate for regular long-distance trips, and hybrid vehicles are the ideal choice for balancing the two.

Gasoline is one of the typical examples of fuels. It belongs to the category of liquid fuels and is produced through the refining and processing of petroleum. Gasoline has the characteristics of easy storage and transportation, high combustion efficiency, and moderate energy density, making it widely used in various gasoline engine-driven vehicles such as cars and motorcycles. Through the combustion process, it releases thermal energy and converts it into mechanical energy to propel the vehicles. As a representative of traditional conventional fuels, gasoline has long held an important position in the transportation sector. At the same time, with the advancement of energy transition, it is gradually forming a diversified and complementary energy structure with alternative fuels such as biofuels and hydrogen in certain applications.

E85 fuel is a type of flex-fuel, mainly composed of a mixture of ethanol and gasoline, with the ethanol content reaching up to 85% and gasoline accounting for 15%. In practical applications, the proportion of ethanol may fluctuate between 51% and 83% due to factors such as geographical location and season. It is suitable for flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs), whose electronic management systems can automatically adjust operating parameters according to the actual proportion of fuel in the tank to ensure that vehicle performance is not affected. As a fuel type related to renewable energy, E85 plays a transitional role in the energy transition process. It can not only reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels but also adapt to some existing transportation infrastructure, providing a flexible option for the transition from traditional fuels to cleaner energy sources.

In the local area, the main types of fuel commonly used for cars are two kinds of unleaded gasoline: RON95 and RON97. RON95 is the most popular and economical choice, with an affordable price and wide availability. It can meet the daily driving needs of most ordinary models (such as the 2019 Kia Cerato and 2020 Volkswagen Passat). It complies with the MS228 national fuel standard, and the cleaning additives it contains can effectively maintain the cleanliness of the fuel injection system and combustion chamber. RON97 has a higher octane rating, making it suitable for high-performance models or use under high-load conditions. It optimizes the engine's anti-knock performance, and occasional use can also deliver smoother power output, but its cost is significantly higher than RON95. All local gasoline must meet EURO 4M or higher standards, eliminating the need for additional fuel additives. Furthermore, due to the floating fuel price mechanism, the prices of both gasoline types fluctuate with market conditions, allowing car owners to select the appropriate fuel based on vehicle requirements and usage needs.