why mercedes f1 car is slow

A torque motor is a direct-drive motor whose core design lies in delivering high torque at low speeds without the need for a gearbox. Operating on the principle of electromagnetic induction, it provides smooth and precise motion performance, making it particularly suitable for scenarios with high requirements for stability, reliability, and low maintenance needs. Also often referred to as "frameless motors," these motors differ from traditional ones in that they do not have a housing, bearings, or feedback devices, resulting in a more streamlined structure. In the automotive field, leveraging their high-torque and low-speed characteristics, torque motors can be applied in key scenarios such as electric power steering systems and brake assist components. They help improve the response accuracy and operational efficiency of the systems, meet the vehicle's demand for precise control of core components, and provide reliable support for the stable operation of the vehicle.

Automotive torque refers to the moment of force output by the engine from the crankshaft end, typically measured in Newton-meters (N·m), and is often marked alongside revolutions per minute (r/min). Under the condition of fixed power, torque is inversely proportional to engine speed—the faster the speed, the smaller the torque, and the slower the speed, the larger the torque. This characteristic reflects the load-carrying capacity of a vehicle within a certain range. As one of the core indicators for measuring engine performance, torque directly affects a vehicle's acceleration performance, climbing ability, and launch dynamics: the greater the torque, the stronger the initial thrust during launch, the more pronounced the "push-back feeling" during acceleration, and the easier it is to climb slopes or handle heavy loads. For instance, off-road vehicles and trucks require high torque to navigate challenging terrains or transport heavy cargo, while sports cars utilize substantial torque to achieve rapid acceleration from standstill. Peak torque typically occurs in the engine's mid-to-low speed range (e.g., 1500-4000 rpm), where power delivery remains smooth, reducing shift frequency and mechanical wear. It's essential to distinguish between torque and power: torque represents instantaneous thrust capability, influencing launch and acceleration; power denotes sustained work capacity, determining top speed. Given equal horsepower, a vehicle with higher torque will accelerate faster from standstill. When selecting a vehicle, consider usage scenarios: urban commuting typically requires 200-300 Nm of torque; for mountainous terrain or frequent heavy loads, opt for models exceeding 300 Nm; performance enthusiasts may prioritize engines with broad torque curves for prolonged acceleration sensation. Additionally, torque effectiveness is influenced by vehicle weight and tire traction—excessive torque with inadequate traction may cause wheelspin, necessitating holistic evaluation of the vehicle's overall configuration.

Torque, simply put, is the force that causes an object to rotate. For example, when tightening a screw with a wrench, the torque is calculated by multiplying the force applied by the hand by the distance from the hand's grip point to the screw. In the automotive field, it specifically refers to the rotational moment output by the engine crankshaft, measured in Newton-meters (Nm), representing the engine's "power delivery" capability. The greater the torque, the stronger the "push-back" feeling when the vehicle starts, and the better its climbing and load-carrying abilities. For instance, a family car usually needs 200-300 Nm of torque to meet daily needs, an off-road vehicle requires higher torque to handle steep slopes, and a truck needs more than 800 Nm to ensure power for heavy loads. Torque is inversely proportional to rotational speed; most gasoline engines reach their maximum torque in the range of 1500-4500 revolutions per minute, where the power output is suitable for daily driving. It differs from horsepower: torque is the instantaneous power delivery capability, while horsepower is the sustained power output performance. Both jointly affect the overall performance of a car, and paying attention to the torque value when choosing a car can help determine whether the vehicle meets one's driving needs.

In the local automotive market, the definition of high torque varies by vehicle category. For diesel-powered pickup trucks and commercial vehicles, torque exceeding 400Nm is generally regarded as high torque. For example, the 2.4L twin-turbocharged diesel engine in the Mitsubishi Triton Athlete delivers a peak torque of 470Nm, while the Toyota HiAce SLWB's 2.8T diesel engine produces a peak torque of 450Nm. These values provide sufficient traction for heavy loads and hill climbing. In the off-road SUV segment, plug-in hybrid models demonstrate even more impressive torque performance. The Great Wall Tank 300 PHEV, for instance, achieves a combined torque output of 640Nm, with such high torque significantly improving the vehicle's off-road capability and adaptability to challenging terrain. The advantage of high torque is its ability to deliver greater power at lower RPMs while minimizing gear shifts, making it particularly suitable for high-demand applications like cargo hauling, passenger transport, or off-road driving. It serves as a key metric for evaluating a vehicle's towing capacity and practical utility.

Torque and power are the core indicators for measuring a car's dynamic performance, and they are closely related and complementary to each other. Torque refers to the rotational force output by the engine from the crankshaft end, measured in Newton-meters (N·m). It directly determines the instantaneous power and load capacity of the vehicle during acceleration and hill climbing. The greater the torque, the stronger the acceleration response and climbing performance of the vehicle in the low-speed range. Power represents the engine's work efficiency per unit time, typically measured in kilowatts (kW) or horsepower (PS, 1PS ≈ 0.735kW). The higher its value, the better the vehicle's top speed and sustained acceleration capability. Mathematically, power equals torque multiplied by rotational speed divided by the constant 9549 (the formula is Power (kW) = Torque (N·m) × Rotational Speed (rpm) / 9549). Thus, at a constant rotational speed, power is proportional to torque; if power is fixed, torque is inversely proportional to rotational speed—the higher the rotational speed, the lower the torque, and vice versa. In practice, different vehicle models balance these parameters according to their design: off-road or heavy-duty vehicles typically optimize torque output at low rotational speeds to handle complex terrain and heavy loads; high-performance sports cars emphasize power output at high rotational speeds to achieve maximum velocity and rapid power response. Additionally, an engine's maximum torque and maximum power usually occur at different rotational speeds. Peak torque is achieved at lower speeds, while power increases with rising rotational speed, and torque gradually declines. This characteristic determines the vehicle's varying power performance under different driving conditions.